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Francis I of the Holy Roman Empire

Duke of Lorraine and subsequently Grand Duke of Tuscany, he became emperor through his marriage to Maria Theresa. Their union founded the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

1708 – 1765EmperorHabsburg-Lorraine · ES
Explore this family · Spanish AtlasBack to people
Portrait of Francis I of the Holy Roman Empire
Historical portraitEmperor Francis IMartin van Meytens · 1745Kunsthistorisches Museum, ViennaPublic domain · PD-Art / PDM 1.0 · Source

This complete profile is available in English. Bibliographic titles retain their original language. Links marked ES open the Spanish edition.

Historical profile

Key details

Birth: 1708 Pending review

Death: 1765 Pending review

Role: Emperor

Dynasty: Habsburg-Lorraine · ES

Territories: Holy Roman Empire (ES) · Germany (ES) · Tuscany (ES) · Lorraine (ES)

Recorded governments and reigns
Duke · Lorraine · Duchy Pending review1729–1737Effective rule
Grand duke · Tuscany · Grand duchy Pending review1737–1765Effective rule
King of the Romans · Germany · Reign Pending review1745–1765Effective rule
Emperor · Holy Roman Empire · Empire Pending review1745–1765Effective rule
Family network

Recorded relationships

Parents
Partners
Children
Crowns and unions

Their titles over time

Follow the changing territories and offices of Francis I of the Holy Roman Empire. Each title retains its own status.

Governments in 1745

  • TuscanyGrand duke
    View titles and jurisdictions
  • Holy Roman Empire (Germany)2 titles and offices
    View titles and jurisdictions

Annual dates: overlap within one year does not prove that two offices were held on the same day. Regencies and co-rulerships retain their labels.

Documentation

Sources for this profile

Biographical and contextual references in their original language. Sources and methodology.

Evidence for this profile

9 recorded claims · 9 without a claim-specific source. Context references do not by themselves verify every fact.

Dates (0/2 with a precise source)
  • BirthPending review

    1708

    A precise source has not yet been added.
    No individual review recorded ·
  • DeathPending review

    1765

    A precise source has not yet been added.
    No individual review recorded ·
Family and relationships (0/3 with a precise source)
  • FatherPending review

    Leopold of Lorraine

    A precise source has not yet been added.
    No individual review recorded ·
  • MotherPending review

    Elizabeth Charlotte of Orléans

    A precise source has not yet been added.
    No individual review recorded ·
  • Marriage or partnershipPending review

    Maria Theresa of Austria

    A precise source has not yet been added.
    No individual review recorded ·
Governments (0/4 with a precise source)
  • GovernmentPending review

    Duke · Lorraine · 1729–1737

    A precise source has not yet been added.
    No individual review recorded ·
  • GovernmentPending review

    Grand duke · Tuscany · 1737–1765

    A precise source has not yet been added.
    No individual review recorded ·
  • GovernmentPending review

    King of the Romans · Germany · 1745–1765

    A precise source has not yet been added.
    No individual review recorded ·
  • GovernmentPending review

    Emperor · Holy Roman Empire · 1745–1765

    A precise source has not yet been added.
    No individual review recorded ·
Biographical and contextual references (2)
Editorial history
  • 2026-10-12 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
  • 2026-10-08 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
  • 2026-10-04 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
  • 2026-10-04 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
  • 2026-10-03 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
  • 2026-09-30 · The duchy is limited to Dijon and Autun; each other fief now enters the map only under its dated ruler. John III of Namur and the Nevers/Rethel branch were added. The previous shape combined later counties and unrelated lands as if all belonged to the duchy from 1363.
  • 2026-09-28 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.

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Story · Spanish original

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