Charles VI of the Holy Roman Empire
A Habsburg emperor and Philip V’s rival in the War of the Spanish Succession. His house governed Milan, Naples and Sardinia at different dates; he exchanged Sardinia for Sicily in 1720. The Pragmatic Sanction sought to secure his inheritance for Maria Theresa.

Life of Charles VI of the Holy Roman Empire
Charles III of Spain
The second son of Leopold I, he was born in Vienna in 1685. During the War of the Spanish Succession, the allies proclaimed him king as Charles III, and he landed in the Iberian Peninsula in 1704. From Barcelona he governed the Crown of Aragon and entered Madrid in 1706 and 1710, without consolidating control of Castile.
References: Real Academia de la Historia · Diccionario Biográfico español · Deutsche Biographie · Encyclopaedia Britannica
An unexpected imperial inheritance
The death of his brother Joseph I (1711) made him heir to Austria and emperor. The powers, unwilling to see Vienna and Madrid reunited, made peace with Philip V at Utrecht. At Rastatt (1714), Charles obtained the Southern Netherlands, Milan, Naples and Sardinia, which he exchanged for Sicily in 1720.
References: Real Academia de la Historia · Diccionario Biográfico español · Deutsche Biographie · Encyclopaedia Britannica
The Pragmatic Sanction
With no surviving sons, he devoted his reign to securing acceptance by the diets and the powers of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, which allowed his daughter Maria Theresa to inherit. His Ottoman wars gained him Belgrade (1718) and lost it again (1739). He promoted buildings including Vienna’s Karlskirche. He died in 1740, and Maria Theresa’s succession was immediately contested.
References: Real Academia de la Historia · Diccionario Biográfico español · Deutsche Biographie · Encyclopaedia Britannica
This complete profile is available in English. Bibliographic titles retain their original language. Links marked ES open the Spanish edition.
Key details
Birth: 1 October 1685 Documented
Death: 20 October 1740 Documented
Role: Emperor
Dynasty: Habsburg · ES
Territories: Holy Roman Empire (ES) · Germany (ES) · Austria (ES) · Bohemia (ES) · Hungary (ES) · Croatia (ES) · Milan (ES) · Naples (ES) · Sardinia (ES) · Trinacria (ES) · Moravia (ES) · Silesia (ES) · Inner Austria (ES) · Tyrol (ES) · Habsburg Transylvania (ES) · Habsburg northern Serbia (ES) · Habsburg Oltenia (ES) · Banat of Temeswar (ES) · Brabant (ES) · Limburg (ES) · Luxembourg (ES) · Flanders (ES) · Hainaut (ES) · Namur (ES) · Lordship of Mechelen (ES) · Tournai (ES) · Guelders (ES)
Recorded relationships
Their titles over time
Follow the changing territories and offices of Charles VI of the Holy Roman Empire. Each title retains its own status.
Governments in 1720
- Holy Roman Empire (Germany)2 titles and offices
View titles and jurisdictions
- Germany · ESKing of the Romans · Effective rule1711–1740
- Holy Roman Empire · ESEmperor · Effective rule1711–1740
- Austrian Habsburg Monarchy15 titles and offices
View titles and jurisdictions
- Austria · ESArchduke · Effective rule1711–1740
- Bohemia · ESKing · Effective rule1711–1740
- Hungary · ESKing · Effective rule1711–1740
- Croatia · ESKing · Effective rule1711–1740
- Milan · ESDuke · Effective rule1706–1733 · Austrian control from 1706 until the Franco-Sardinian occupation of 1733.
- Naples · ESKing · Effective rule1707–1734 · Control began in 1707 and ended with the Bourbon conquest of 1734.
- Trinacria · ESKing · Effective rule1720–1734 · He received Sicily in the exchange of 1720 and lost it to Bourbon forces in 1734.
- Moravia · ESMargrave · Effective rule · Royal centres of Brno and Olomouc; regional authority over the margraviate, distinct from the full geography of the Bohemian title1711–1740 · Brno and Olomouc are regional urban centres; they are not equated with the monarch’s exclusive ownership of Moravia and do not erase seigneurial or episcopal jurisdictions. Olomouc begins with the privilege of 1378 and is excluded during the documented Swedish and Prussian occupations.
- Silesia · ESSovereign · Effective rule · Overlordship of the Bohemian crown over the Silesian duchies; not direct ducal possession1711–1740 · The enfeoffed princes and the bishop of Nysa retain their own governments. The area represents superior sovereignty; Schweidnitz-Jauer was incorporated in 1392. Greater Poland, Lusatia and Glatz are excluded. This does not derive from the imperial office.
- Inner Austria · ESSovereign · Effective rule1711–1740 · Inner hereditary provinces reunited with the Austrian line from 1619; provincial administrations and autonomies are retained. The connection does not arise from the imperial title.
- Tyrol · ESCount · Effective rule1711–1740 · Territorial succession to Tyrol after reunification in 1665; excludes the bishoprics of Trent and Brixen.
- Habsburg Transylvania · ESSovereign · Effective rule1711–1740 · Personal tenure inferred from the Austrian hereditary succession and the treaty’s territorial boundary; an administratively separate province.
- Habsburg northern Serbia · ESSovereign · Effective rule1718–1738 · Personal tenure inferred from the Austrian hereditary succession and the treaty’s territorial boundary; an administratively separate province.
- Habsburg Oltenia · ESSovereign · Effective rule1718–1738 · Personal tenure inferred from the Austrian hereditary succession and the treaty’s territorial boundary; an administratively separate province.
- Banat of Temeswar · ESEmperor · Effective rule1716–1740 · The Habsburg monarch’s authority over the imperial province conquered in 1716; recognised in 1718. It does not derive from universal authority over the Holy Roman Empire.
Joint direction of the domains effectively governed by this ruler. Excludes the imperial framework, Ottoman Hungary and independent or tributary Transylvanian principalities. Austrian branches under another ruler retain their own grouping. Source for this grouping
- Habsburg Netherlands9 titles and offices
View titles and jurisdictions
- Brabant · ESDuke · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
- Limburg · ESDuke · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
- Luxembourg · ESDuke · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
- Flanders · ESCount · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
- Hainaut · ESCount · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
- Namur · ESCount · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
- Lordship of Mechelen · ESLord · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
- Tournai · ESLord · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
- Guelders · ESDuke · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
Joint succession of the provinces under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549. Each title retains its identity, and only the area under control in the selected year is shown. Rebel provinces are not included merely because the sovereign claimed them. Source for this grouping
Annual dates: overlap within one year does not prove that two offices were held on the same day. Regencies and co-rulerships retain their labels.
How these titles came together
- 1706 · MilanConquest
The imperial army occupied the Milanese in 1706; the peace of 1714 recognised the transfer. The Franco-Sardinian occupation of 1733–1736 is flagged as a boundary requiring further work.
- 1707 · NaplesConquest
The Austrian capture of the mainland kingdom preceded recognition in the peace settlement and did not automatically confer the island of Sicily.
- 1708 · SardiniaConquest
Cagliari capitulated in 1708 to forces supporting the Austrian claimant; the island remained under that authority until 1717.
- 1720 · TrinacriaAgreement
He received Sicily in exchange for Sardinia in the settlement of 1720; the two kingdoms remained separate entities.
Selected explained accessions. Other titles remain in the profile’s list of recorded governments.
Sources for this profile
- Treccani · Carlos VI y los cambios italianos de 1706–1734
- Treccani · Nápoles y las sucesiones de 1707, 1734 y 1759
- Treccani · Cerdeña durante la Guerra de Sucesión
- Treccani · Saboya y el intercambio de 1720
- Lombardia Beni Culturali · Milano durante la ocupación franco-sarda
- Deutsche Nationalbibliothek · GND authority record · Karl VI., Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser
- Real Academia de la Historia · Diccionario Biográfico español
- Encyclopaedia Britannica
Biographical and contextual references in their original language. Sources and methodology.
Evidence for this profile
37 recorded claims · 7 without a claim-specific source. Context references do not by themselves verify every fact.
Dates (2/2 with a precise source)
- BirthDocumented
1 October 1685
The authority record gives the birth as 1685-10-01. - DeathDocumented
20 October 1740
The authority record gives the death as 1740-10-20.
Family and relationships (1/3 with a precise source)
- FatherPending review
Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire
A precise source has not yet been added. - MotherPending review
Eleanor Magdalena of Palatinate-Neuburg
A precise source has not yet been added. - Marriage or partnershipDocumented
Elizabeth Christina of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
The authority record identifies Elizabeth Christina of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (GND 122035143) as spouse.
Governments (23/28 with a precise source)
- GovernmentPending review
King of the Romans · Germany · 1711–1740
A precise source has not yet been added. - GovernmentPending review
Archduke · Austria · 1711–1740
A precise source has not yet been added. - GovernmentPending review
King · Bohemia · 1711–1740
A precise source has not yet been added. - GovernmentPending review
King · Hungary · 1711–1740
A precise source has not yet been added. - GovernmentDocumented
Emperor · Holy Roman Empire · 1711–1740
The authority record dates this office to 1711–1740. - GovernmentPending review
King · Croatia · 1711–1740
A precise source has not yet been added. - GovernmentDocumented
Duke · Milan · 1706–1733
First Austrian period; the interruption began in 1733. - GovernmentDocumented
Duke · Milan · 1736–1740
Austria recovered the administration in 1736. Transition years overlap because the Atlas uses annual intervals. - GovernmentInferred
King · Naples · 1707–1734
Austrian control begins in 1707 and ends with the Bourbon conquest of 1734. - GovernmentInferred
King · Sardinia · 1708–1717
Rule by the Austrian claimant from 1708 until the Spanish expedition of 1717. - GovernmentInferred
King · Trinacria · 1720–1734
Exchange of 1720 and Bourbon conquest in 1734; Charles of Bourbon’s coronation took place in 1735. - GovernmentInferred
Margrave · Moravia · 1711–1740
Brno and Olomouc are regional urban centres; they are not equated with the monarch’s exclusive ownership of Moravia and do not erase seigneurial or episcopal jurisdictions. Olomouc begins with the privilege of 1378 and is excluded during the documented Swedish and Prussian occupations.Instituto de Historia de la Academia Checa · Jaroslav Pánek · Biografický slovník českých zemí 16 (2013), pp. 119–122: separate hereditary acceptance by Moravia and Silesia in 1526; these do not simply follow from the Bohemian title.City of Olomouc · history of the city · Jobst’s privilege in 1378; loyalty to Sigismund; election of Corvinus in 1469 and agreement of 1479; Frederick of the Palatinate in 1620; Swedish occupation, 1642–1650, and Prussian occupation, 1741–1742; royal confirmation by Maria Theresa in 1762.Olomouc Municipal Archives · original charter of Jobst · Olomouc District Archive, City Archive collection, Charters, inventory 37: Margrave Jobst’s permission of 1378 to build a town hall and merchants’ hall. - GovernmentInferred
Sovereign · Silesia · 1711–1740
The enfeoffed princes and the bishop of Nysa retain their own governments. The area represents superior sovereignty; Schweidnitz-Jauer was incorporated in 1392. Greater Poland, Lusatia and Glatz are excluded. This does not derive from the imperial office.City of Wrocław · history · The Duchy of Wrocław (Breslau) was incorporated into the Crown of Bohemia in 1335 after the death of Henry VI; Habsburg from 1526; Prussian conquest in 1741.Homann · Ducatus Silesiae, 1716 · David Rumsey Collection · Regional map of Upper and Lower Silesia and its duchies. Crown sovereignty is distinguished from each prince’s local government.German Historical Institute · Growth of the Habsburg Empire, 1282–1918 · Map of acquisitions: Austria and Styria in 1282, Carinthia in 1335, Tyrol in 1363, Bohemia and Silesia in 1526, Hungary in 1699 and the Banat in 1718. Imperial office did not confer dominion over all imperial states. - GovernmentDocumented
Sovereign · Inner Austria · 1711–1740
Inner hereditary provinces reunited with the Austrian line from 1619; provincial administrations and autonomies are retained. The connection does not arise from the imperial title.Schönbrunn / Die Welt der Habsburger: Tripartite division of the Austrian inheritance · The Inner Austrian line reunites Austria from 1619; Tyrol is reunited in 1665. Tenures are added as hereditary jurisdictions, independently of the imperial office.Cancillería Federal de Austria: 1713 · Indivisibility and succession of the Austrian hereditary lands; not all states of the Holy Roman Empire. - GovernmentDocumented
Count · Tyrol · 1711–1740
Territorial succession to Tyrol after reunification in 1665; excludes the bishoprics of Trent and Brixen.Schönbrunn / Die Welt der Habsburger: Tripartite division of the Austrian inheritance · The Inner Austrian line reunites Austria from 1619; Tyrol is reunited in 1665. Tenures are added as hereditary jurisdictions, independently of the imperial office.Cancillería Federal de Austria: 1713 · Indivisibility and succession of the Austrian hereditary lands; not all states of the Holy Roman Empire. - GovernmentInferred
Sovereign · Habsburg Transylvania · 1711–1740
Personal tenure inferred from the Austrian hereditary succession and the treaty’s territorial boundary; an administratively separate province. - GovernmentInferred
Sovereign · Habsburg northern Serbia · 1718–1738
Personal tenure inferred from the Austrian hereditary succession and the treaty’s territorial boundary; an administratively separate province. - GovernmentInferred
Sovereign · Habsburg Oltenia · 1718–1738
Personal tenure inferred from the Austrian hereditary succession and the treaty’s territorial boundary; an administratively separate province. - GovernmentDocumented
Emperor · Banat of Temeswar · 1716–1740
The Habsburg monarch’s authority over the imperial province conquered in 1716; recognised in 1718. It does not derive from universal authority over the Holy Roman Empire. - GovernmentDocumented
Duke · Brabant · 1714–1740
Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.Archives de l’État · Marie-Thérèse et les Pays-Bas · Maria Theresa’s sovereignty in 1740–1780 from Vienna; represented by Charles of Lorraine as governor-general. Her consort Francis is not made owner of her provinces.Archives de l’État en Belgique · Archives générales du Royaume · Institutional holdings: Burgundian, Spanish and Austrian periods until 1795, followed by French administration; no medieval sovereign state is called Belgium. - GovernmentDocumented
Duke · Limburg · 1714–1740
Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.Archives de l’État · Marie-Thérèse et les Pays-Bas · Maria Theresa’s sovereignty in 1740–1780 from Vienna; represented by Charles of Lorraine as governor-general. Her consort Francis is not made owner of her provinces.Archives de l’État en Belgique · Archives générales du Royaume · Institutional holdings: Burgundian, Spanish and Austrian periods until 1795, followed by French administration; no medieval sovereign state is called Belgium. - GovernmentDocumented
Duke · Luxembourg · 1714–1740
Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.Archives de l’État · Marie-Thérèse et les Pays-Bas · Maria Theresa’s sovereignty in 1740–1780 from Vienna; represented by Charles of Lorraine as governor-general. Her consort Francis is not made owner of her provinces.Archives de l’État en Belgique · Archives générales du Royaume · Institutional holdings: Burgundian, Spanish and Austrian periods until 1795, followed by French administration; no medieval sovereign state is called Belgium. - GovernmentDocumented
Count · Flanders · 1714–1740
Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.Archives de l’État · Marie-Thérèse et les Pays-Bas · Maria Theresa’s sovereignty in 1740–1780 from Vienna; represented by Charles of Lorraine as governor-general. Her consort Francis is not made owner of her provinces.Archives de l’État en Belgique · Archives générales du Royaume · Institutional holdings: Burgundian, Spanish and Austrian periods until 1795, followed by French administration; no medieval sovereign state is called Belgium. - GovernmentDocumented
Count · Hainaut · 1714–1740
Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.Archives de l’État · Marie-Thérèse et les Pays-Bas · Maria Theresa’s sovereignty in 1740–1780 from Vienna; represented by Charles of Lorraine as governor-general. Her consort Francis is not made owner of her provinces.Archives de l’État en Belgique · Archives générales du Royaume · Institutional holdings: Burgundian, Spanish and Austrian periods until 1795, followed by French administration; no medieval sovereign state is called Belgium. - GovernmentDocumented
Count · Namur · 1714–1740
Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.Archives de l’État · Marie-Thérèse et les Pays-Bas · Maria Theresa’s sovereignty in 1740–1780 from Vienna; represented by Charles of Lorraine as governor-general. Her consort Francis is not made owner of her provinces.Archives de l’État en Belgique · Archives générales du Royaume · Institutional holdings: Burgundian, Spanish and Austrian periods until 1795, followed by French administration; no medieval sovereign state is called Belgium. - GovernmentDocumented
Lord · Lordship of Mechelen · 1714–1740
Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.Archives de l’État · Marie-Thérèse et les Pays-Bas · Maria Theresa’s sovereignty in 1740–1780 from Vienna; represented by Charles of Lorraine as governor-general. Her consort Francis is not made owner of her provinces.Archives de l’État en Belgique · Archives générales du Royaume · Institutional holdings: Burgundian, Spanish and Austrian periods until 1795, followed by French administration; no medieval sovereign state is called Belgium. - GovernmentDocumented
Lord · Tournai · 1714–1740
Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.Archives de l’État · Marie-Thérèse et les Pays-Bas · Maria Theresa’s sovereignty in 1740–1780 from Vienna; represented by Charles of Lorraine as governor-general. Her consort Francis is not made owner of her provinces.Archives de l’État en Belgique · Archives générales du Royaume · Institutional holdings: Burgundian, Spanish and Austrian periods until 1795, followed by French administration; no medieval sovereign state is called Belgium. - GovernmentDocumented
Duke · Guelders · 1714–1740
Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.Archives de l’État · Marie-Thérèse et les Pays-Bas · Maria Theresa’s sovereignty in 1740–1780 from Vienna; represented by Charles of Lorraine as governor-general. Her consort Francis is not made owner of her provinces.Archives de l’État en Belgique · Archives générales du Royaume · Institutional holdings: Burgundian, Spanish and Austrian periods until 1795, followed by French administration; no medieval sovereign state is called Belgium.
Successions (4/4 with a precise source)
- SuccessionDocumented
Milan · Unrecorded successor · 1706
The imperial army occupied the Milanese in 1706; the peace of 1714 recognised the transfer. The Franco-Sardinian occupation of 1733–1736 is flagged as a boundary requiring further work. - SuccessionDocumented
Naples · Unrecorded successor · 1707
The Austrian capture of the mainland kingdom preceded recognition in the peace settlement and did not automatically confer the island of Sicily. - SuccessionDocumented
Sardinia · Unrecorded successor · 1708
Cagliari capitulated in 1708 to forces supporting the Austrian claimant; the island remained under that authority until 1717. - SuccessionDocumented
Trinacria · Unrecorded successor · 1720
He received Sicily in exchange for Sardinia in the settlement of 1720; the two kingdoms remained separate entities.
Biographical and contextual references (8)
- Treccani · Carlos VI y los cambios italianos de 1706–1734
- Treccani · Nápoles y las sucesiones de 1707, 1734 y 1759
- Treccani · Cerdeña durante la Guerra de Sucesión
- Treccani · Saboya y el intercambio de 1720
- Lombardia Beni Culturali · Milano durante la ocupación franco-sarda
- Deutsche Nationalbibliothek · GND authority record · Karl VI., Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser
- Real Academia de la Historia · Diccionario Biográfico español
- Encyclopaedia Britannica
Editorial history
- 2026-10-12 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
- 2026-10-08 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
- 2026-10-04 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
- 2026-10-04 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
- 2026-10-03 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
- 2026-09-30 · The duchy is limited to Dijon and Autun; each other fief now enters the map only under its dated ruler. John III of Namur and the Nevers/Rethel branch were added. The previous shape combined later counties and unrelated lands as if all belonged to the duchy from 1363.
- 2026-09-28 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
Follow this person through history
More paths from Charles VI of the Holy Roman Empire
Family
Leopold I of the Holy Roman EmpireEmperor1640 – 1705Eleanor Magdalena of Palatinate-Neuburg · ESConsort1655 – 1720Elizabeth Christina of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel · ESConsort1691 – 1750
Maria Theresa of AustriaQueen / Archduchess1717 – 1780Same dynasty
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Charles II of Spain“the Bewitched”King of Spain1661 – 1700In their lifetime
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