The Tree of Europe · Person

Charles VI of the Holy Roman Empire

A Habsburg emperor and Philip V’s rival in the War of the Spanish Succession. His house governed Milan, Naples and Sardinia at different dates; he exchanged Sardinia for Sicily in 1720. The Pragmatic Sanction sought to secure his inheritance for Maria Theresa.

1685 – 1740EmperorHabsburg · ES
Portrait of Charles VI of the Holy Roman Empire
Historical portraitPortrait of Emperor Charles VIAttributed to Martin van Meytens · Eighteenth centuryPublic domain · PD-Art / PDM 1.0 · Source
Biography

Life of Charles VI of the Holy Roman Empire

Charles III of Spain

The second son of Leopold I, he was born in Vienna in 1685. During the War of the Spanish Succession, the allies proclaimed him king as Charles III, and he landed in the Iberian Peninsula in 1704. From Barcelona he governed the Crown of Aragon and entered Madrid in 1706 and 1710, without consolidating control of Castile.

References: Real Academia de la Historia · Diccionario Biográfico español · Deutsche Biographie · Encyclopaedia Britannica

An unexpected imperial inheritance

The death of his brother Joseph I (1711) made him heir to Austria and emperor. The powers, unwilling to see Vienna and Madrid reunited, made peace with Philip V at Utrecht. At Rastatt (1714), Charles obtained the Southern Netherlands, Milan, Naples and Sardinia, which he exchanged for Sicily in 1720.

References: Real Academia de la Historia · Diccionario Biográfico español · Deutsche Biographie · Encyclopaedia Britannica

The Pragmatic Sanction

With no surviving sons, he devoted his reign to securing acceptance by the diets and the powers of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, which allowed his daughter Maria Theresa to inherit. His Ottoman wars gained him Belgrade (1718) and lost it again (1739). He promoted buildings including Vienna’s Karlskirche. He died in 1740, and Maria Theresa’s succession was immediately contested.

References: Real Academia de la Historia · Diccionario Biográfico español · Deutsche Biographie · Encyclopaedia Britannica

This complete profile is available in English. Bibliographic titles retain their original language. Links marked ES open the Spanish edition.

Historical profile

Key details

Birth: 1 October 1685 Documented

Death: 20 October 1740 Documented

Role: Emperor

Dynasty: Habsburg · ES

Territories: Holy Roman Empire (ES) · Germany (ES) · Austria (ES) · Bohemia (ES) · Hungary (ES) · Croatia (ES) · Milan (ES) · Naples (ES) · Sardinia (ES) · Trinacria (ES) · Moravia (ES) · Silesia (ES) · Inner Austria (ES) · Tyrol (ES) · Habsburg Transylvania (ES) · Habsburg northern Serbia (ES) · Habsburg Oltenia (ES) · Banat of Temeswar (ES) · Brabant (ES) · Limburg (ES) · Luxembourg (ES) · Flanders (ES) · Hainaut (ES) · Namur (ES) · Lordship of Mechelen (ES) · Tournai (ES) · Guelders (ES)

Recorded governments and reigns
King of the Romans · Germany · Reign Pending review1711–1740Effective rule
Archduke · Austria · Archduchy Pending review1711–1740Effective rule
King · Bohemia · Reign Pending review1711–1740Effective rule
King · Hungary · Reign Pending review1711–1740Effective rule
Emperor · Holy Roman Empire · Empire Documented1711–1740Effective rule
King · Croatia · Reign Pending review1711–1740Effective rule
Duke · Milan · Duchy Documented1706–1733Effective ruleAustrian control from 1706 until the Franco-Sardinian occupation of 1733.
Duke · Milan · Duchy Documented1736–1740Effective ruleAustria recovered Milan after the Franco-Sardinian occupation of 1733–1736; the map records complete years.
King · Naples · Reign Inferred1707–1734Effective ruleControl began in 1707 and ended with the Bourbon conquest of 1734.
King · Sardinia · Reign Inferred1708–1717Effective ruleThe island accepted the Austrian claimant’s authority in 1708 and was taken by the Spanish in 1717.
King · Trinacria · Reign Inferred1720–1734Effective ruleHe received Sicily in the exchange of 1720 and lost it to Bourbon forces in 1734.
Margrave · Moravia · Margraviate Inferred1711–1740Effective ruleBrno and Olomouc are regional urban centres; they are not equated with the monarch’s exclusive ownership of Moravia and do not erase seigneurial or episcopal jurisdictions. Olomouc begins with the privilege of 1378 and is excluded during the documented Swedish and Prussian occupations.
Sovereign · Silesia · Government Inferred1711–1740Effective ruleThe enfeoffed princes and the bishop of Nysa retain their own governments. The area represents superior sovereignty; Schweidnitz-Jauer was incorporated in 1392. Greater Poland, Lusatia and Glatz are excluded. This does not derive from the imperial office.
Sovereign · Inner Austria · Government Documented1711–1740Effective ruleInner hereditary provinces reunited with the Austrian line from 1619; provincial administrations and autonomies are retained. The connection does not arise from the imperial title.
Count · Tyrol · County Documented1711–1740Effective ruleTerritorial succession to Tyrol after reunification in 1665; excludes the bishoprics of Trent and Brixen.
Sovereign · Habsburg Transylvania · Government Inferred1711–1740Effective rulePersonal tenure inferred from the Austrian hereditary succession and the treaty’s territorial boundary; an administratively separate province.
Sovereign · Habsburg northern Serbia · Government Inferred1718–1738Effective rulePersonal tenure inferred from the Austrian hereditary succession and the treaty’s territorial boundary; an administratively separate province.
Sovereign · Habsburg Oltenia · Government Inferred1718–1738Effective rulePersonal tenure inferred from the Austrian hereditary succession and the treaty’s territorial boundary; an administratively separate province.
Emperor · Banat of Temeswar · Government Documented1716–1740Effective ruleThe Habsburg monarch’s authority over the imperial province conquered in 1716; recognised in 1718. It does not derive from universal authority over the Holy Roman Empire.
Duke · Brabant · Duchy Documented1714–1740Effective ruleAustrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
Duke · Limburg · Duchy Documented1714–1740Effective ruleAustrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
Duke · Luxembourg · Duchy Documented1714–1740Effective ruleAustrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
Count · Flanders · County Documented1714–1740Effective ruleAustrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
Count · Hainaut · County Documented1714–1740Effective ruleAustrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
Count · Namur · County Documented1714–1740Effective ruleAustrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
Lord · Lordship of Mechelen · Lordship Documented1714–1740Effective ruleAustrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
Lord · Tournai · Lordship Documented1714–1740Effective ruleAustrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
Duke · Guelders · Duchy Documented1714–1740Effective ruleAustrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
Family network

Recorded relationships

Crowns and unions

Their titles over time

Follow the changing territories and offices of Charles VI of the Holy Roman Empire. Each title retains its own status.

Governments in 1720

  • Holy Roman Empire (Germany)2 titles and offices
    View titles and jurisdictions
  • Austrian Habsburg Monarchy15 titles and offices
    View titles and jurisdictions
    • Austria · ESArchduke · Effective rule1711–1740
    • Bohemia · ESKing · Effective rule1711–1740
    • Hungary · ESKing · Effective rule1711–1740
    • Croatia · ESKing · Effective rule1711–1740
    • Milan · ESDuke · Effective rule1706–1733 · Austrian control from 1706 until the Franco-Sardinian occupation of 1733.
    • Naples · ESKing · Effective rule1707–1734 · Control began in 1707 and ended with the Bourbon conquest of 1734.
    • Trinacria · ESKing · Effective rule1720–1734 · He received Sicily in the exchange of 1720 and lost it to Bourbon forces in 1734.
    • Moravia · ESMargrave · Effective rule · Royal centres of Brno and Olomouc; regional authority over the margraviate, distinct from the full geography of the Bohemian title1711–1740 · Brno and Olomouc are regional urban centres; they are not equated with the monarch’s exclusive ownership of Moravia and do not erase seigneurial or episcopal jurisdictions. Olomouc begins with the privilege of 1378 and is excluded during the documented Swedish and Prussian occupations.
    • Silesia · ESSovereign · Effective rule · Overlordship of the Bohemian crown over the Silesian duchies; not direct ducal possession1711–1740 · The enfeoffed princes and the bishop of Nysa retain their own governments. The area represents superior sovereignty; Schweidnitz-Jauer was incorporated in 1392. Greater Poland, Lusatia and Glatz are excluded. This does not derive from the imperial office.
    • Inner Austria · ESSovereign · Effective rule1711–1740 · Inner hereditary provinces reunited with the Austrian line from 1619; provincial administrations and autonomies are retained. The connection does not arise from the imperial title.
    • Tyrol · ESCount · Effective rule1711–1740 · Territorial succession to Tyrol after reunification in 1665; excludes the bishoprics of Trent and Brixen.
    • Habsburg Transylvania · ESSovereign · Effective rule1711–1740 · Personal tenure inferred from the Austrian hereditary succession and the treaty’s territorial boundary; an administratively separate province.
    • Habsburg northern Serbia · ESSovereign · Effective rule1718–1738 · Personal tenure inferred from the Austrian hereditary succession and the treaty’s territorial boundary; an administratively separate province.
    • Habsburg Oltenia · ESSovereign · Effective rule1718–1738 · Personal tenure inferred from the Austrian hereditary succession and the treaty’s territorial boundary; an administratively separate province.
    • Banat of Temeswar · ESEmperor · Effective rule1716–1740 · The Habsburg monarch’s authority over the imperial province conquered in 1716; recognised in 1718. It does not derive from universal authority over the Holy Roman Empire.

    Joint direction of the domains effectively governed by this ruler. Excludes the imperial framework, Ottoman Hungary and independent or tributary Transylvanian principalities. Austrian branches under another ruler retain their own grouping. Source for this grouping

  • Habsburg Netherlands9 titles and offices
    View titles and jurisdictions
    • Brabant · ESDuke · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
    • Limburg · ESDuke · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
    • Luxembourg · ESDuke · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
    • Flanders · ESCount · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
    • Hainaut · ESCount · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
    • Namur · ESCount · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
    • Lordship of Mechelen · ESLord · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
    • Tournai · ESLord · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.
    • Guelders · ESDuke · Effective rule1714–1740 · Austrian territorial sovereignty over the province, distinct from the imperial office. Its extent follows local losses, occupations and restorations; excludes the Republic’s provinces and Barrier garrisons.

    Joint succession of the provinces under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549. Each title retains its identity, and only the area under control in the selected year is shown. Rebel provinces are not included merely because the sovereign claimed them. Source for this grouping

Annual dates: overlap within one year does not prove that two offices were held on the same day. Regencies and co-rulerships retain their labels.

How these titles came together
  1. 1706 · MilanConquest

    The imperial army occupied the Milanese in 1706; the peace of 1714 recognised the transfer. The Franco-Sardinian occupation of 1733–1736 is flagged as a boundary requiring further work.

  2. 1707 · NaplesConquest

    The Austrian capture of the mainland kingdom preceded recognition in the peace settlement and did not automatically confer the island of Sicily.

  3. 1708 · SardiniaConquest

    Cagliari capitulated in 1708 to forces supporting the Austrian claimant; the island remained under that authority until 1717.

  4. 1720 · TrinacriaAgreement

    He received Sicily in exchange for Sardinia in the settlement of 1720; the two kingdoms remained separate entities.

Selected explained accessions. Other titles remain in the profile’s list of recorded governments.

Documentation

Sources for this profile

Biographical and contextual references in their original language. Sources and methodology.

Evidence for this profile

37 recorded claims · 7 without a claim-specific source. Context references do not by themselves verify every fact.

Dates (2/2 with a precise source)
Family and relationships (1/3 with a precise source)
  • FatherPending review

    Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire

    A precise source has not yet been added.
    No individual review recorded ·
  • MotherPending review

    Eleanor Magdalena of Palatinate-Neuburg

    A precise source has not yet been added.
    No individual review recorded ·
  • Marriage or partnershipDocumented

    Elizabeth Christina of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

    The authority record identifies Elizabeth Christina of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (GND 122035143) as spouse.
    Reviewed on 2026-10-17 by El Árbol de Europa ·
Governments (23/28 with a precise source)
Successions (4/4 with a precise source)
Biographical and contextual references (8)
Editorial history
  • 2026-10-12 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
  • 2026-10-08 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
  • 2026-10-04 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
  • 2026-10-04 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
  • 2026-10-03 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
  • 2026-09-30 · The duchy is limited to Dijon and Autun; each other fief now enters the map only under its dated ruler. John III of Namur and the Nevers/Rethel branch were added. The previous shape combined later counties and unrelated lands as if all belonged to the duchy from 1363.
  • 2026-09-28 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.

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