The Tree of Europe · Person

Jules Mazarin

An Italian-born diplomat, cardinal and chief minister during Anne of Austria’s regency and Louis XIV’s youth. He overcame the Fronde and took part in the negotiations for the Peace of Westphalia and the Treaty of the Pyrenees.

1602 – 1661Cardinal / Diplomat / Minister

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Biography

Life of Jules Mazarin

A diplomat in France

Giulio Mazzarino was born in 1602 and pursued a diplomatic career in papal service. His work in Italy brought him closer to Richelieu and the French monarchy. He was made a cardinal in 1641. After Louis XIII died in 1643, the regent Anne of Austria entrusted him with leadership of the ministry during Louis XIV’s minority.

References: Bibliothèque Mazarine · Histoire · Encyclopaedia Britannica · Jules, cardinal Mazarin

The Fronde and peace

Fiscal and political tensions provoked the rebellions of the Fronde between 1648 and 1653. Mazarin had to leave France temporarily but recovered his position beside the regent. His diplomacy contributed to the Westphalian settlement of 1648 and the Treaty of the Pyrenees with Spain in 1659. He died in 1661. His library, organised by Gabriel Naudé and open to scholars from 1643, became the Bibliothèque Mazarine.

References: Bibliothèque Mazarine · Histoire · Encyclopaedia Britannica · Jules, cardinal Mazarin

This complete profile is available in English. Bibliographic titles retain their original language. Links marked ES open the Spanish edition.

Historical profile

Key details

Birth: 1602 Pending review

Death: 1661 Pending review

Role: Cardinal / Diplomat / Minister

Other recorded names: Mazarino · Jules Mazarin · Giulio Mazzarino · Cardenal Mazarino

Territories: France (ES) · Papal States (ES)

Family network

Recorded relationships

No direct relationships are recorded for this person.

Documentation

Sources for this profile

Biographical and contextual references in their original language. Sources and methodology.

Evidence for this profile

2 recorded claims · 2 without a claim-specific source. Context references do not by themselves verify every fact.

Dates (0/2 with a precise source)

BirthPending review
1602
A precise source has not yet been added.
No individual review recorded ·
DeathPending review
1661
A precise source has not yet been added.
No individual review recorded ·

Biographical and contextual references (2)

Editorial history

2026-10-12 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
2026-10-08 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
2026-10-04 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
2026-10-04 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
2026-10-03 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.
2026-09-30 · The duchy is limited to Dijon and Autun; each other fief now enters the map only under its dated ruler. John III of Namur and the Nevers/Rethel branch were added. The previous shape combined later counties and unrelated lands as if all belonged to the duchy from 1363.
2026-09-28 · Claim registry added; existing historical data kept. Specific sourcing remains to be reviewed.